Hello,
This post might sound pessimistic but I wonder if the problem in modern work culture is really 'capitalism' per se*
Let's say we had more socialism, where companies were more evenly owned by employees and instead of money we got labour vouchers.
There would still be a niche role in a big organization you had to do, you would still have some asshole directing your workflow to optimize the organization, you would still have a rigid schedule. Sure, some people might feel less alienated if they were truly invested in their work, due to them actually owning it but the majority likely wouldn't care.
*) It is a problem in the current housing market however, but that's a thread for another day.